CD274 and neoplasm: To assess the in vivo antitumor efficacy of P. aeruginosa and its potential synergy with PD-L1 blockade, MC38 tumor–bearing mice were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (Fig. 6A): PBS control, anti–PD-L1 antibody (αPD-L1) alone, P. aeruginosa alone, and combination therapy (P. aeruginosa + αPD-L1).