NAC promoted the differentiation of CD8+ T cells into long-lived memory T cells and enhanced TCF1 expression, which helped alleviate T cell exhaustion and apoptosis.472,473 In tumor-bearing mice, the combination of NAC with anti-PD-1 therapy inhibited colorectal cancer (CRC) progression.474 NAC facilitated the differentiation of TCF1+PD1+CD8+ T cells, decreasing the accumulation of exhausted T cells, suggesting a collaborative effect alongside PD-1 blockade. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is colorectal cancer.