Elevated lactylation levels have been demonstrated to activate the transcription of nuclear pore membrane protein 121 (POM121) in NSCLC, thereby increasing MYC activity and PD-L1 expression to support immune evasion.214 In human LUAD, lactate-driven NBS1 lactylation has been found to promote cancer cell homologous recombination repair (HRR).215. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is cancer.