INS and Obesity: For example, upon binding to IL23R+ ESCC cells, IL23 has been found to enforce G0/G1 phase arrest via Wnt/Notch signaling, promoting tumor dormancy and radioresistance.266 Furthermore, obesity-associated metabolic syndrome exacerbates systemic chronic inflammation through leptin secretion and insulin resistance, which facilitates the transition from Barrett’s esophagus to esophageal adenocarcinoma.267Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), a gut microbe associated with gastrointestinal tumorigenesis, is a critical factor influencing the progression of ESCC.