For example, conjugating specific peptides of placental growth factor-2 (PLGF-2) to immune checkpoint antibodies, such as anti-PD-L1 antibodies, facilitates targeted delivery to the ECM and reduces cancer toxicity.463 Furthermore, high-affinity collagen molecules can be utilized to specifically bind to collagen in tumor tissues, delivering targeted antibodies and cytokines to the TME.464 Mechanical force-targeted therapies face challenges in achieving a sustained reduction in ECM rigidity without compromising the structural integrity of normal tissues. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and cancer.