AKT1 and periodontitis: The PI3K/Akt signaling is involved in a wide range of cellular processes, including cell growth, survival, metabolism, and immune regulation.195 Dysregulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is increasingly recognized as a critical contributor to the pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory and bone-resorptive conditions, including periodontitis.196 PI3K activation leads to the production of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3), which recruits Akt to the cell membrane, where it becomes phosphorylated and activated.