IL1B and neoplasm: This might be because the Co2+ generated by the degradation of cobalt-based MOFs in tumours consumed intratumoural H2S, thereby attenuating the inflammatory environment in tumours, while IL-6 and IL-1β showed a close positive correlation with M2-type polarization in tumour-associated macrophages, which in turn changed the relative abundance of M1 and M2 macrophages in tumours, and influenced the appearance of innate immunity in tumours.