NFKB1 and neoplasm: The flow cytometry results showed that compared with the PBS group, the expression of NF-κβ in the MCC group was slightly reduced, this was because the release of Co2+ can initially consume the high concentration of H2S in the tumour, and after PfCC+NIR treatment, the expression of NF-κβ was the lowest (Supplementary Fig. 28), maybe the intratumoural release of antimicrobial peptides affected the H2S bacteria production pathway in the tumour, this was further verified by the above-mentioned quantitative detection of H2S (Fig. 7i).