AIRE and Autoimmunity: In fact, mice carrying Claudin 1–deficient DC1s manifested an autoimmune phenotype, which closely mimicked the symptoms of other mouse models that suffer from insufficient presentation of TRAs in the thymus, such as Aire−/− mice, which are characterized by high autoantibody titers, multiorgan autoimmunity, and shortened life expectancy (Jiang et al., 2005; Abramson and Husebye, 2016).