CD274 and neoplasm: Quantitative analysis at day 24 post-treatment demonstrated significant therapeutic effects across groups, with mean tumour volumes of 1747 ± 235 mm3 (control), 913 ± 395 mm3 (RT alone, 47.7% reduction vs control, P < 0.001), 387 ± 277 mm3 (RT/anti-PD-L1, 77.8% reduction, P < 0.0001), and 125 ± 151 mm3 (triple therapy, 92.8% reduction, P < 0.0001).