In addition, lenvatinib combined with RT/anti-PD-L1 significantly increased the level of CD45+ cells and the ratio of M1/M2 macrophage ratio, fostered CD8+ T-cell infiltration and Gzm B secretion, and reduced the levels of MDSCs and Treg cells in the tumour tissues compared to RT or RT/anti-PD-L1 alone (Figure 3D-G, Figure 4, and Figure S1). Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.