The ongoing NAUTIKA1 (NCT04302025) is a Phase II umbrella trial investigating the efficacy and safety of targeted therapy as adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment in patients with resectable NSCLC harboring gene alterations, including ALK, ROS1, NTRK, BRAF V600, and RET. At the 2023 World Congress of Lung Cancer (WCLC), the results indicated the potential efficacy of ALK-TKI in the neoadjuvant treatment of ALK fusion NSCLC. This evidence concerns the gene ROS1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.