The down-regulated genes associated with aging and AD pathogenesis, such as Kcne2,56,57Cdkn1c,58Ace,59 and Madcam1,60 as well as genes related to the down-regulation of the BMP signaling pathway,61 highlighting the therapeutic effects of local BDNF overexpression (Fig. 6H). This evidence concerns the gene BDNF and Alzheimer disease.