Notably, systematic evaluations of inflammatory biomarkers in PCOS (e.g., CRP, IL-6, TNF-α) show consistent elevations compared with controls (10); mechanistic overviews and cohort analyses in overweight PCOS further delineate mitochondrial dysfunction, altered adipokine signaling, and hepatic insulin resistance as central features of the metabolic disorder (11, 12). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is Insulin resistance.