LBP and Low back pain: To investigate the effect of INU and LBP on inflammation in diabetes, plasma inflammatory cytokines were detected, and the levels of inflammation pro-inflammatory markers, including IL-18 (INU, P = 0.0065; LBP, P = 0.0112; INU + LBP, P = 0.0015; Figure 1A), MCP-1 (INU, P = 0.0271; LBP, P = 0.0117; INU + LBP, P <0.0001; Figure 1B), NF-κB (INU, P = 0.0130; LBP, P = 0.0241; INU + LBP, P = 0.0129; Figure 1C), and NLPR3 (INU, P = 0.0485; LBP, P = 0.0020; INU + LBP, P = 0.0354; Figure 1D) were all significantly decreased following INU, LBP, and INU+LBP intervention compared with the T2DM group.