Figure 2 summarizes the pathological cascade involving mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS accumulation, and dysregulated miRNA modulation converging on the IRS-1/Akt signaling pathway.Key miRNAs implicated in the mitochondria–ROS–insulin resistance.Key miRNAs associated with mitochondria-ROS-insulin resistance were described in Table 1. This evidence concerns the gene INS and Insulin resistance.