The present review summarizes improvements regarding the incretin-based therapy for cognitive impairment associated to the type 2 diabetes mellitus, discussing studies published in literature in a period from September 1987 through September 2025.The goal is to provide an updated overview of the potential of these innovative treatments, helping to outline a future path that could improve the integrated management of T2DM and its neurological complications. Here, GCG is linked to diabetes mellitus.