Roger’s syndrome, or thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia (TRMA), is caused by a defect in the active transport of thiamine (THTR1) in various cells, in particular this defect causes pancreatic ß-cell apoptosis and insulin secretion impairment, leading to the development of insulin-dependent diabetes (122, 123). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia.