PTPN22 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Two T1D-associated at-risk variants, rs11203203 and rs80054410, in another regulator of T cell activation and LYP interacting-molecule, UBASH3A, have been shown to increase mRNA expression in human primary CD4+ T cells, thereby reducing IL-2 production by inhibiting NF-κB signaling (77, 78).