A potential explanation for the increased accumulation of activated DCs in patients with T2DM may be driven by elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin 6 [IL-6], interleukin 1β [IL-1β]) and adipose tissue inflammation (Soedono and Cho, 2021). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and type 2 diabetes mellitus.