Furthermore, in the context of NASH, LSECs upregulate an array of adhesion molecules—including ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1)—thereby facilitating adhesion and trans-endothelial migration of monocytes, which subsequently differentiate into proinflammatory macrophages (143). Here, AOC3 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.