C3 and dengue disease: As expected, dengue-recovered individuals exhibited lower ADE due to higher levels of anti-E IgG1 and IgG3, which have greater affinity for C1q than those of IgG2 and IgG4, leading to ADE inhibition either directly via C1q or through C3 activation (12, 18); this can trigger direct lysis or subject the virion to another phagocytosis pathway via C3R receptor.