In breast cancer, Lut upregulates C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9/10 (CXCL9/10) transcription via signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-interferon regulatory factor 1 (STAT1-IRF1) activation, enhancing CD8+ T cell recruitment to the TME (40, 41). Here, IRF1 is linked to breast carcinoma.