Elevated PINK1levels were detected in the hippocampus of patients with early-stage AD, whileParkin levels were increased at its late stages, which is indicative ofimpaired mitophagy because of defective initiation of thePINK1/Parkin-dependent pathway [45].Impaired recruitment of activated LC3 to phagophore membranes, dysfunction ofthe AMPK signaling cascade, and disrupted fusion of mitophagosomes withlysosomes have also been observed [52]. This evidence concerns the gene MAP1LC3A and Alzheimer disease.