IGF1R and Graves disease: In Graves’ disease, where extrathyroidal manifestations are mediated by TSHR/IGF-1R-expressing fibroblasts, studies could test GLP-1RAs as adjuncts to antithyroid drugs or biologics (for example, alongside IGF-1R blockade for orbitopathy) to reduce systemic inflammation and metabolic drivers without compromising disease control [19,25,67]. Platform or factorial trials could compare GLP-1RA-augmented regimens versus standard care on thyroid autoantibody kinetics, relapse rates, and steroid/antithyroid dose exposure.