This included beneficial improvements in adiposity measures (e.g., reduced skinfold thickness, smaller waist circumference, and lower BMI) and critical cardiometabolic and vascular health indicators (e.g., lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome, improved insulin sensitivity, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR, and a more favorable lipid panel, notably total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, and central pulse-wave velocity) [21]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and metabolic syndrome.