Furthermore, Cox proportional hazards models assessed the associations of plasma biomarkers with the risk of comorbid AD and CSVD.<h4>Results</h4>In total populations, elevated GFAP and p-tau217 were significantly associated with greater white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden, hippocampal atrophy, cerebral Aβ burden, and cognitive decline at baseline and with progression over time (|β| = 0.007 to 1.670, p = 0.047 to <0.0001). This evidence concerns the gene GFAP and Alzheimer disease.