LGALS3 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: To explore the clinical relevance of Galectin-3 in autoimmune diabetes, we first measured serum Galectin-3 levels in 234 patients with T1D and their first-degree relatives (FDRs) including 76 islet autoantibody–negative (Ab− FDRs) and 30 islet autoantibody–positive (Ab+ FDRs), as well as 132 healthy controls (table S1).