LGALS3 and serum lipopolysaccharide activity: In line with transcriptional up-regulation, LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells, THP-1–derived macrophages, and RAW 264.7 cells all showed significantly increased secretion of Galectin-3 protein into the conditioned media (Fig. 1, F, H, and J), indicating that endotoxemia observed in patients with T1D may promote Galectin-3 secretion by circulating monocytes.