The prominence of osteoporosis in our results is consistent with the bone–muscle–kidney axis and the emerging concept of osteosarcopenia in CKD (11, 14, 32), as well as with evidence on vitamin D status, bone microarchitecture, insulin resistance, and metabolic changes in early-stage CKD that influence bone–muscle crosstalk (33, 34). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is osteoporosis.