IFNAR1 and infection: To specifically address the role of endothelium-mediated IFN response, we performed the same infection protocol using a mouse model generated from the mating between IFNARflox/flox (IFNARfl/fl) and CDH5cre, which express Cre-recombinase under the regulatory control of the VE-Cadherin (Alva et al., 2006), thus restricting IFNAR deficiency to vascular endothelial cells.