VEGFA and autoimmune polyendocrinopathy: In line with this, our previous work showed that IgG from both refractory and non-refractory APS patients reduces NO production in HUVECs, although the activation effect was more pronounced with APSNR IgG (lower production of VEGF and greater release of lEVs compared to IgG HC) (16), reflecting differences in endothelial activation and coagulant activity between the two patient subgroups.