This review evaluates recent experimental and preclinical studies; elucidates key molecular mechanisms, including nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB), mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), Wnt/β‐catenin, and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2)/Smad pathways; and identifies research priorities to guide the translational development of polysaccharide‐based therapies as adjunctive or alternative strategies for improving periodontitis outcomes. Here, NFKB1 is linked to periodontitis.