Hypoxia stabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), a key regulator that enhances glycolytic gene expression and promotes tumor survival via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and NF-κB pathways (Majumder et al., 2004; Luo et al., 2022). Here, NFKB1 is linked to neoplasm.