By detailing the integrated diagnostic process—combining medical history, imaging, pathological identification of dual tumor components, and immunohistochemical verification (e.g., ER/GATA3 for metastatic BC, CD10/CAIX/PAX-8 for clear cell RCC, and distinct Ki-67 indices)—it provides a practical paradigm for clinicians and pathologists. Here, ESR1 is linked to breast cancer.