2024). The pro‐inflammatory phenotype secretes cytokines that induce cerebral edema, exacerbating brain damage, while the anti‐inflammatory phenotype secretes growth factors that promote neurogenesis and angiogenesis, contributing to the repair of the blood‐brain barrier post‐injury (Blank‐Stein and Mass 2023). Research on therapeutic targets concerning monocyte reprogramming, such as soluble PD‐L1, demonstrates potential in preventing cerebral edema and promoting recovery post‐IS (Kim et al. 2024). The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is edema.