TNF and infection: Levels of inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β (Figure 12A), IL‐6 (Figure 12B), IL‐8 (Figure 12C), IL‐10 (Figure 12D), IL‐12/23p40 (Figure 12E), TNF‐α (Figure 12F), and HMGB1 (Figure 12H) were significantly upregulated by infection with S. Typhimurium in the LT2 group.