Thiol isomerases are also upregulated in many distinct cancer types [16, 17, 18, 19], and increased levels of thiol isomerases have been positively correlated to increased oncogenic transformation [20], gene transcription [21], and metastasis [22], as well as implicated in shaping the tumor immune microenvironment, including modulation of antigen presentation and immune checkpoint signaling such as PD‐L1 expression [23]. Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.