CTSH and lung cancer: Data URLs: cathepsin H from IEU OpenGWAS project (mrcieu.ac.uk); 233 metabolic profiles can be downloaded from the GWAS Catalog (study accession numbers: GCST90301941 ‐ GCST90302173: GWAS Catalog (ebi.ac.uk)); GWAS statistics for lung cancer and its subtypes were obtained from the FinnGen database (FinnGen: an expedition into genomics and medicine | FinnGen) in addition to the IEU, GWAS Catalog.