Studies examining contextual or indirect mechanisms (Bennet et al., 2016; Gele et al., 2016; Al-Majdoub et al., 2020; Bennet et al., 2022; Sandstrom et al., 2015; Rieger et al., 2021; Olaya-Contreras et al., 2019) primarily investigated metabolic factors such as insulin sensitivity and diabetes risk (Bennet et al., 2016; Gele et al., 2016; Al-Majdoub et al., 2020; Bennet et al., 2022), as well as behavioral and psychosocial barriers related to lifestyle modification, physical activity, and cultural adaptation (Sandstrom et al., 2015; Rieger et al., 2021; Olaya-Contreras et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene INS and diabetes mellitus.