GCG and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In contrast, pharmacological therapies, especially the newer incretin-based agents such as GLP-1 RAs and dual GIP/GLP-1 agonists, have shown promising results in moderate weight loss (up to 20% of body weight) and corresponding reductions in AHI, offering a viable alternative for patients with mild to moderate obesity or those with contraindications to surgery (121, 122, 125).