Patient characteristics—including anatomical sites of airway obstruction, identified through modalities such as drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE), and physiological traits—should guide the selection of therapies such as oral appliances, upper airway surgeries, or emerging pharmacological agents like GLP-1 RAs and dual incretin therapies, which not only promote weight loss but also improve OSA severity (123, 139). This evidence concerns the gene GLP1R and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.