Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro studies have also shown that RSV decreased the levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein, molecules related to inflammation and apoptosis, including TNF-α, IL-1β, NLRP3, cleaved caspase-3, and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), apoptosis regulator (Bax), as well as increased the levels of nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha (IkBα) and Bcl-2, attenuating the cognitive impairment (110, 114, 115). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Cognitive impairment.