Analyzing the PSM cohort of hospitalized patients with T2DM plus HTN or CHD plus T2DM and HTN based on short-term SGLT2 inhibitor use, SGLT2 inhibitor recipients vs. non-recipients showed 0.401 times lower MRV(Venular)C risk (P < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.267–0.601) (Supplementary Table S24 and Figure 4); multivariable logistic regression in both primary and PSM cohorts consistently demonstrated reduced retinopathy risk with short-term SGLT2 inhibitor use. Here, SLC5A2 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.