In joint diseases (RA, KOA), modified Panax notoginseng polysaccharide microspheres target JAK2-STAT3 to inhibit pro-inflammatory signals and promote macrophage M2 polarization (260), while Mup restores KOA cartilage and subchondral bone structure by inhibiting MMP-3/MMP-13 and regulating flora —providing new options for arthritis treatment. The gene discussed is JAK2; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.