For example, studies have demonstrated that weight-loss induced improvements in clinical measures of insulin sensitivity have not always been accompanied by reductions in ATM content or inflammation, inflammatory genes (i.e. IL-1β, TNF-α, and CCL2) are not associated with T2D in human genome-wide association studies, and anti-inflammatory therapies have failed to improve insulin sensitivity or glycemic control in clinical trials (107, 108). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.