- Dysregulation of innate immunity and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, TNF-α, IFN-γ) may affect microglial function and lesion development- FMF-related endothelial dysfunction, vasculitis, and febrile episodes may contribute to blood–brain barrier disruption and demyelination- MEFV variants may act as modifier genes and HLA class II polymorphisms may interact with MEFV mutations. Here, TNF is linked to endothelial dysfunction.