TNF and cancer: In the NP vs. SP comparison, it was determined that p53, NFKB, and TNF signaling pathways, along with basal cell carcinoma, prostate cancer, thyroid cancer, transcriptional misregulation in cancer, and microRNA in cancer pathways were significantly changed cancer pathways in patients who had severe pneumonia compared to the group who did not have pneumonia during the period they had COVID-19 (Figure 2a).