The secretory molecules from C. jejuni-infected HT-29 cells at both 10 and 50 MOI induced macrophage expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, as well as the chemokine CCL2, in a dose- and time-dependent manner, all of which have been previously reported to contribute to the initiation of inflammation and the development of gastroenteritis [7]. Here, CCL2 is linked to gastroenteritis.