Further experiments have combined TRAIL-modified MSCs with chemotherapeutic agents (e.g., gemcitabine in pancreatic ductal carcinoma or cisplatin in cervical cancer), demonstrating synergistic anticancer effects, enhanced therapeutic efficacy, and confirmed pro-apoptotic activity of TRAIL [118,119]. The gene discussed is TNFSF10; the disease is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.