IL1B and infection: Meanwhile, the inclusion of all three IL-1 inhibitors (as well as whole IL-1 inhibitors class) in our analysis—unlike prior two-drug investigations that focused solely on anakinra and canakinumab (2004–2023)—enabled the identification of inter-drug disparities in infection risk that remained undetected in narrower-scope studies [13]: canakinumab demonstrated a markedly higher disproportionality signal for serious infections (e.g., pneumonia) relative to anakinra and rilonacept, underscoring a distinct infection risk profile among IL-1 inhibitors.