Nasopharyngitis (ROR 2.31, 95% CI: 2.1–2.54) and upper respiratory tract infections (ROR 2.6, 95% CI: 2.17–3.11) were notable, indicating compromised mucosal immunity, a key defense mechanism where IL-1β is essential for pathogen clearance [26,27]. Here, IL1B is linked to Recurrent upper respiratory tract infections.