VEGFA and ulcer disease: This might be related to the fact that these growth factors, i.e., in duodenal ulcer healing, stimulate with varying potency virtually all the cellular elements needed for ulcer healing, e.g., epithelial cell proliferation and migration by EGF > bFGF > PDGF, fibroblast proliferation by bFGF > PDGF, and angiogenesis by VEGF > bFGF >> PDGF >> EGF [168,169,170].