The results showed that the AUC of GPC3 for diagnosing early HCC was 0.677 (95% CI: 0.601–0.747, p < 0.0001), which was lower than the AUC of AFP (0.795) (95% CI: 0.726–0.853, p < 0.0001). The gene discussed is AFP; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.