Specific signaling pathways are activated in different tumor cells, namely the knockdown of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR (phosphoinositide 3-kinase–AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway, induction of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway and ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2) pathway, formation of ROS, as well as development of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress [29]. Here, MAPK3 is linked to neoplasm.