FOXO3 and autoimmune disease: We selected these mentioned SNPs because they lie in functionally relevant immune-regulatory or metabolic genes (CTLA-4, PTPN-22, FOXO-3), and prior studies have shown associations between these SNPs (or closely linked variants) and autoimmune diseases or metabolic traits (e.g., FOXO-3 rs2802292 has been linked to metabolic health.