Although formal guidelines for leptin-based risk stratification in hypertension are not yet established, our findings suggest a framework for future validation: (1) identifying high-risk hypertensive patients (e.g., those with BMI > 30 kg/m2, diabetes, or multiple metabolic risk factors) who might benefit from leptin testing; (2) implementing intensified monitoring and aggressive risk modification for those with markedly elevated leptin levels; and (3) applying evidence-based interventions known to reduce leptin levels and improve vascular health [44]. Here, LEP is linked to diabetes mellitus.