Using PROCESS version 4 for SPSS (model 4) with 5000 bootstrap resamples, we examined whether waist circumference mediated the association between leptin and VRI, while adjusting for age, height, body weight, eGFR, HDL-C, diabetes history, and smoking (p < 0.2, as shown in Table 1). The gene discussed is LEP; the disease is diabetes mellitus.